Samet Kilictas’s Blog

Basics
This tutorial assumes that you already know how to log in to your UNIX machine, bring up the bash shell, and run basic commands such as ls and cat. Getting to this point is fairly easy, but unfortunately this is the level that most users stay at indefinitely. This tutorial is intended to help you start to learn the more advanced features of using a shell, and specifically bash, one of the most powerful shells available.

Please note that most of the command themselves are not explained; you can examine their functionality yourself by either reading their man page, or just experimenting with them to see what they do.

Redirection
Normally programs take input from our keyboard, and display the output to our screens. However, these are just the defaults – UNIX has the ability to redirect the input (commonly referred to as stdin, short for standard input) and output (commonly referred to as stdout, short for standard output).

Here is a simple example: the cat command displays the contents of a file to the screen. But we can redirect those contents to a file using the redirection operator ‘>’, like so:

$ cat myfile.txt
This is the contents of the file myfile.txt
$ cat myfile.txt > newfile.txt
$ cat newfile.txt
This is the contents of the file myfile.txt
$

In effect, we’ve made cat do the same thing as cp, by redirecting the output from the screen to a file. This isn’t terribly useful, but consider another, similar, scenario: cat can take multiple arguments, and it will display the files one after the other. This can be used to append one file onto another and create a new, combined file.

$ cat file1.txt
The quick brown fox...
$ cat file2.txt
...jumped over the lazy dog.
$ cat file1.txt file2.txt > combined.txt
$ cat combined.txt
The quick brown fox...
...jumped over the lazy dog.

Neat, eh?

We can also redirect the input, so that a program takes the contents of a file as if it were typed at your keyboard. cat doesn’t take any input, so let’s use bc, a command line calculator. Normally, you run the program, and it lets you type in calculations such as “2+2″, and then displays the result. But if you have a file which already contains the calculations, you can send it straight to bc – faster and more powerful than cutting-and-pasting the text in with your mouse.

$ cat calc.txt
2+2
$ bc < calc.txt 4 $ 

A final note: you can use two output redirect symbols together – >> – to indicate that you want to append the file, not overwrite it. Hence:

$ cat file1.txt
Contents of file1.
$ cat file2.txt
Contents of file2.txt.
$ cat file2.txt >> file1.txt
$ cat file1.txt
Contents of file1.
Contents of file2.txt.
$

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Since i am coding with codeigniter framework on gedit, i was looking for snippets for codeigniter on gedit

download gedit snippet for codeigniter

By the way if you want to make your gedit more useful for programming surely you may add some third party plugins as many as you want or simply just active default plugins. Idea is that firstly download a plugin then extract its content to ‘~/.gnome2/gedit/plugins/’ directory. Once you have installed the plugin you want, you need to enable it via Edit>Preferences and then the Plugins Tab. Such as;

- Snippets
- Class Browser
- Bracket Completation
- Character Map
- Embedded Terminal
etc..

You can basicly find out third-party plugins by clicking on this link

If you are using older drivers then 180.29 version you should* install new drivers so you will have better performence with 180.29 version. Don’t worry it is piece of cake to install it on your ubuntu.

Firstly, go on ( System->Administration->Software Sources ) then click on “Third-Party software” tab. Now you should see a button “+Add” shows on it.

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/anders-kaseorg/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/anders-kaseorg/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main

As you see above there is two lines of address. You should add them one-by-one by clicking this “+Add” button. when you are done with that it is time to get PPA keys for this repository.

Now use there commands

cd ~/Desktop
gedit temp.key

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