• Data and Time Showing
• Controlling DC Motor from/using parallel port
• Controlling Stepper Motor from/using parallel port

#1 – Data and Time Showing

;—————————————–
;— TERM PROJECT                      —
;— LECTURE: MICROPROCESSORS          —
;— LECTURER: HOSSEIN MEHRABANI       —
;— CODED BY: SAMET KILICTAS          —
;— STUDENT NUMBER: 20040283          —
;— E-MAIL: SAMET@KILICTAS.COM        —
;— CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   —
;— 26-05-2008                        —
;—————————————–
;THE REQUIRED MACROS FOR PROGRAM—————————
;———————————————————-
CURS_POSITION     MACRO ROW,COLUMN
MOV BH,00
MOV AH,02
MOV DH,ROW
MOV DL,COLUMN
INT 10H
ENDM
;———————————————————-
CLS_SCREEN MACRO
MOV AX,0600H
mov bh,00
mov bh,0ah
MOV CX,0
MOV DX,184FH
INT 10H
ENDM
;———————————————————-
SHOW_INSCREEN MACRO STRING
MOV AH,09
MOV DX,OFFSET STRING

INT 21H
ENDM
;———————————————————-
;PROGRAM STARTS FROM THIS POINT
;———————————————————-
.MODEL HUGE
.STACK 9000
.DATA
Table DB “00$”,”01$”,”02$”,”03$”,”04$”,”05$”,”06$”,”07$”,”08$”,”09$”
DB “10$”,”11$”,”12$”,”13$”,”14$”,”15$”,”16$”,”17$”,”18$”,”19$”
DB “20$”,”21$”,”22$”,”23$”,”24$”,”25$”,”26$”,”27$”,”28$”,”29$”
DB “30$”,”31$”,”32$”,”33$”,”34$”,”35$”,”36$”,”37$”,”38$”,”39$”
DB “40$”,”41$”,”42$”,”43$”,”44$”,”45$”,”46$”,”47$”,”48$”,”49$”
DB “50$”,”51$”,”52$”,”53$”,”54$”,”55$”,”56$”,”57$”,”58$”,”59$”
mm  DB “:$”
mm2  DB “/$”
Date  DB “Date: $”
Time  DB “   Time: $”
Century DB “20$”
CONSTANTV  DB 3
MSG1 DB ‘PROJECT : DISPLAYING THE PROCESSORS DATE AND TIME ON MONITOR’,'$’
MSG2 DB ‘LECTURE : MICROPROCESSORS [LECTURER : HOSSEIN MEHRABANI]‘,’$’
MSG3 DB ‘CODING  : SAMET KILICTAS [NO -> 20040283] [CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY]‘,’$’
MSG4 DB ‘MOTOR STATUS :’,'$’
MSG5 DB ‘PRESS H BUTTON FOR INSTRCONSTANTVTIONS…’,'$’
MSG6 DB ‘DIRECTION :  ?’,'$’
MSG7 DB ‘SPEED  : ?’,'$’
MSG8 DB ‘EMAIL   : samet@kilictas.com’,'$’
MSG9 DB ‘Good Bye..! ’,'$’
.CODE
MAIN PROC
MOV AX,@DATA
PUSH AX
POP DS

;**************************************************************************
; Show main screen

MAINSCREEN:
CLS_SCREEN
CURS_POSITION 2,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG1
CURS_POSITION 3,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG2
CURS_POSITION 4,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG3
CURS_POSITION 5,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG8

;**************************************************************************

CURS_POSITION 13,24
SHOW_INSCREEN Date

MOV AH,04h  ; 04h function to get date information
INT 1Ah

MOV AL,DL ; Here DL gives me the day information
MUL CONSTANTV
MOV DI,AX
LEA DX,Table[DI]
MOV AH,09h
INT 21h

SHOW_INSCREEN mm2

MOV AH,04h  ; 04h function to get date information
INT 1Ah

MOV AL,DH ; Here DH gives me the month information
MUL CONSTANTV
MOV DI,AX
LEA DX,Table[DI]
MOV AH,09h
INT 21h

SHOW_INSCREEN mm2

SHOW_INSCREEN Century

MOV AH,04h  ; 04h function to get date information
INT 1Ah

MOV AL,CL ; Here CL gives me the year information
MUL CONSTANTV
MOV DI,AX
LEA DX,Table[DI]
MOV AH,09h
INT 21h

;**************************************************************************

SHOW_INSCREEN Time

MOV AH,2Ch  ; 2Ch function to get time information
INT 21h

MOV AL,CH ; Here CH gives me the hour information
MUL CONSTANTV
MOV DI,AX
LEA DX,Table[DI]
MOV AH,09h
INT 21h

SHOW_INSCREEN mm

MOV AL,CL ; Here CH gives me the minute information
MUL CONSTANTV
MOV DI,AX
LEA DX,Table[DI]
MOV AH,09h
INT 21h

CURS_POSITION 50,15

;**************************************************************************

GOODBYE:
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21h
MAIN ENDP
END MAIN

#2 – Controlling DC Motor from/using parallel port

HOLD MACRO
MOV AH,07
INT 21H
ENDM

WAY MACRO VALUE
MOV DX,378H
MOV AL,VALUE
OUT DX,AL
ENDM

CLR MACRO
MOV AX,0600H
MOV BH,00
MOV BH,1fh
MOV CX,0
MOV DX,184fh
INT 10H
ENDM

CURSOR MACRO ROW,COLUMN
MOV BH,00
MOV AH,02
MOV DH,ROW
MOV DL,COLUMN
INT 10H
ENDM

DSPLY MACRO STRING
MOV AH,09
MOV DX,OFFSET STRING
INT 21H
ENDM

.MODEL SMALL
.STACK 64
.DATA

Message1 DB ‘CHOOSE AN OPTION’,'$’
Message2 DB ‘DC MOTOR CONTROL’,'$’
Message3 DB ‘PRESS G FOR TURN THE DC MOTOR TO Counter Clockwise’,'$’
Message4 DB ‘PRESS D FOR TURN THE DC MOTOR TO Clockwise’,'$’
Message5 DB ‘PRESS V FOR STOP THE DC MOTOR’,'$’
Message6 DB ‘Choose an Operation from Menu’,'$’
Message7 DB ‘Counter Clockwise’,'$’
Message8 DB ‘Clockwise         ‘,’$’
Message9 DB ‘Stopped      ‘,’$’

TurnRight EQU  00100101B
TurnLeft  EQU  00011101B
STOP  EQU  00001111B

.CODE

MAIN:
here:    MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX
CALL Choice
CMP AL,’g’
CALL Left
CMP AL,’d’
CALL Right
CMP AL,’v’
CALL Away

Choice:
CLR
CURSOR 3,20
DSPLY Message2
CURSOR 6,10
DSPLY Message3
CURSOR 8,10
DSPLY Message4
CURSOR 10,10
DSPLY Message5
CURSOR 15,12
DSPLY Message6
HOLD
RET

Left:
CURSOR 17,12
DSPLY Message7
WAY TurnLeft
CURSOR 19,12
DSPLY Message1
HOLD
RET

Right:
CURSOR 17,12
DSPLY Message8
WAY TurnRight
CURSOR 19,12
DSPLY Message1
HOLD
RET

Away:
CURSOR 17,12
DSPLY Message9
CURSOR 21,12
JMP quit
RET

quit:    WAY STOP
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
END MAIN

#3 – Controlling Stepper Motor from/using parallel port

;—————————————–
;— TERM PROJECT                      —
;— STEPPER MOTOR WITH 7 SEGMENT      —
;— LECTURE: MICROPROCESSORS          —
;— LECTURER: HOSSEIN MEHRABANI       —
;— CODED BY: SAMET KILICTAS          —
;— STUDENT NUMBER: 20040283          —
;— E-MAIL: SAMET@KILICTAS.COM        —
;— CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   —
;— 26-05-2008                        —
;—————————————–
;THE REQUIRED MACROS FOR PROGRAM—————————
;———————————————————-
CURS_POSITION     MACRO ROW,COLUMN
MOV BH,00
MOV AH,02
MOV DH,ROW
MOV DL,COLUMN
INT 10H
ENDM
;———————————————————-
CLS_SCREEN MACRO
MOV AX,0600H
mov bh,00
mov bh,0ah
MOV CX,0
MOV DX,184FH
INT 10H
ENDM
;———————————————————-
SHOW_INSCREEN MACRO STRING
MOV AH,09
MOV DX,OFFSET STRING
INT 21H
ENDM
;———————————————————-
PINS_OUT MACRO SEND
MOV CX,SEND
;AND CL,0fh
;OR CL,CONSTANTBCD
MOV DX,378H
MOV AL,OFFSET SEND
OUT DX,AL
ENDM
;———————————————————-
;PROGRAM STARTS FROM THIS POINT
;———————————————————-
.MODEL HUGE
.STACK 2000
.DATA
INSTMSG1 DB ‘INTRUCTIONS:’,'$’
INSTMSG2 DB ‘SPEED UP: W’,'$’
INSTMSG3 DB ‘SPEED DOWN: S’,'$’
INSTMSG4 DB ‘FORWARD: D’,'$’
INSTMSG5 DB ‘BACKWARD: A’,'$’
INSTMSG6 DB ’7 SEGMENT TEST: T BUTTON’,'$’
INSTMSG7 DB ‘EXIT: E BUTTON’,'$’
INSTMSG8 DB ‘PRESS B BUTTON TO MAIN MENU’,'$’
INSTMSG9 DB ‘PAUSE: P’,'$’
H_SYMBOL DB ‘———————————————’,'$’
MSG1 DB ‘PROJECT : STEPPER CONTROLLER WITH 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY’,'$’
MSG2 DB ‘LECTURE : MICROPROCESSORS [LECTURER : HOSSEIN MEHRABANI]‘,’$’
MSG3 DB ‘CODING  : SAMET KILICTAS [NO -> 20040283] [CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY]‘,’$’
MSG4 DB ‘MOTOR STATUS :’,'$’
MSG5 DB ‘PRESS H BUTTON FOR INSTRUCTIONS…’,'$’
MSG6 DB ‘DIRECTION :  ?’,'$’
MSG7 DB ‘SPEED  : ?’,'$’
MSG8 DB ‘EMAIL   : samet@kilictas.com’,'$’
MSG9 DB ‘Good Bye..! ’,'$’
MSG_DELETE DB ‘?                                 ‘,’$’
MSG10 DB ’7 SEGMENT TEST MODE: ?’,'$’
MSG11 DB ‘ON ‘,’$’
MSG12 DB ‘OFF’,'$’
STARTED DB ‘RUNNING, PLEASE WAIT!’,'$’
STOPPED DB ‘STOPPED!                ‘,’$’
DIRECTION_FORWARD DB ‘Clockwise          ‘,’$’
DIRECTION_BACKWARD DB ‘Counter Clockwise’,'$’
DIRECTION_SIDE DB 1
INTSCREEN_MODE DB 1                ; Default is forward
COUNT DB 20 ; How many step u need ??????
CONSTANTBCD DB 00010000B
SHOWSPEED DB 0
zero DB    ’1 -> 1000MS DELAY’,'$’
one DB ’2 -> 800MS DELAY ‘,’$’
two DB ’3 -> 700MS DELAY ‘,’$’
three DB ’4 -> 600MS DELAY ‘,’$’
four DB    ’5 -> 500MS DELAY ‘,’$’
five DB    ’6 -> 400MS DELAY ‘,’$’
six DB ’7 -> 300MS DELAY ‘,’$’
seven DB ’8 -> 200MS DELAY ‘,’$’
eight DB ’9 -> 100MS DELAY ‘,’$’
;———————–
.CODE
MAIN:    MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX

;*********************************
; Show main screen

MAINSCREEN:
CLS_SCREEN
CURS_POSITION 2,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG1
CURS_POSITION 3,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG2
CURS_POSITION 4,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG3
CURS_POSITION 5,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG8
CURS_POSITION 12,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG4
CURS_POSITION 13,2
SHOW_INSCREEN H_SYMBOL
CURS_POSITION 14,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG6
CURS_POSITION 15,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG7
CURS_POSITION 16,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG10
CURS_POSITION 22,2
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG5
CURS_POSITION 30,2
MOV INTSCREEN_MODE,1

;*****************************************************************
; Important jump point is here **********************************

CHECKPOINT:

; Get input from the keyboard
MOV AH,07
INT 21H

; Save the input
MOV BL,AL ; Save AL to BL (i.e. The Ascii value of the key hit)

; Check the input character ?????  What i should do ????
CMP BL,’H'    ;H Button
JNE H1
JMP INSTSCREEN
H1:    CMP BL,’h’
JNE H2
JMP INSTSCREEN
H2:    CMP BL,’P'    ;P Button
JNE P1
JMP PAUSE
P1:    CMP BL,’p’
JNE P2
JMP PAUSE
P2:    CMP BL,’E'    ;E Button
JNE E1
JMP GOODBYE
E1:    CMP BL,’e’
JNE E2
JMP GOODBYE
E2:    CMP BL,’B'    ;B Button
JNE B1
JMP MAINSCREEN
B1:    CMP BL,’b’
JNE B2
JMP MAINSCREEN
B2:    CMP BL,’W'    ;W Button
JNE W1
JMP SPEEDUP
W1:    CMP BL,’w’
JNE W2
JMP SPEEDUP
W2:    CMP BL,’S'    ;S Button
JNE S1
JMP SPEEDDOWN
S1:    CMP BL,’s’
JNE S2
JMP SPEEDDOWN
S2:    CMP BL,’D'    ;D Button
JNE D1
JMP FORWARD
D1:    CMP BL,’d’
JNE D2
JMP FORWARD
D2:    CMP BL,’A'    ;A Button
JNE A1
JMP BACKWARD
A1:    CMP BL,’a’
JNE A2
JMP BACKWARD
A2:    CMP BL,’T'    ;T Button
JNE T1
JMP SEGMENTTEST
T1:    CMP BL,’t’
JNE M
JMP SEGMENTTEST

; If no key exists jump to the mainscreen..!
M:    JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; Show instruction screen

INSTSCREEN:
CLS_SCREEN
CURS_POSITION 2,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG1
CURS_POSITION 3,2
SHOW_INSCREEN H_SYMBOL
CURS_POSITION 4,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG2
CURS_POSITION 5,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG3
CURS_POSITION 6,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG4
CURS_POSITION 7,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG5
CURS_POSITION 8,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG6
CURS_POSITION 9,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG7
CURS_POSITION 10,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG9
CURS_POSITION 15,2
SHOW_INSCREEN INSTMSG8
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV INTSCREEN_MODE,2
MOV AL,00
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
;All system paused

PAUSE:
PINS_OUT 11110000B
CURS_POSITION 16,25
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG12
CURS_POSITION 50,50
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; Speed up

SPEEDUP:
CMP SHOWSPEED,8
JE NOG
ADD SHOWSPEED,1
NOG:    CMP SHOWSPEED,0
JNE aaaa
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN zero
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,00010000B
PINS_OUT 00010000B
JMP NOU
aaaa:    CMP SHOWSPEED,1
JNE qqq
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN one
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,00100000B
PINS_OUT 00100000B
JMP NOU
qqq:    CMP SHOWSPEED,2
JNE www
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN two
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,00110000B
PINS_OUT 00110000B
JMP NOU
www:    CMP SHOWSPEED,3
JNE eee
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN three
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01000000B
PINS_OUT 01000000B
JMP NOU
eee:    CMP SHOWSPEED,4
JNE rrr
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN four
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01010000B
PINS_OUT 01010000B
JMP NOU
rrr:    CMP SHOWSPEED,5
JNE ttt
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN five
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01100000B
PINS_OUT 01100000B
JMP NOU
ttt:    CMP SHOWSPEED,6
JNE yyy
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN six
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01110000B
PINS_OUT 01110000B
JMP NOU
yyy:    CMP SHOWSPEED,7
JNE uuu
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN seven
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,10000000B
PINS_OUT 10000000B
JMP NOU
uuu:    CMP SHOWSPEED,8
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN eight
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,10010000B
PINS_OUT 10010000B
NOU:
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; Speed down

SPEEDDOWN:
CMP SHOWSPEED,0
JE NOGG
SUB SHOWSPEED,1
NOGG:    CMP SHOWSPEED,0
JNE aaaaa
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN zero
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,00010000B
PINS_OUT 00010000B
JMP NOUU
aaaaa:    CMP SHOWSPEED,1
JNE qqqq
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN one
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,00100000B
PINS_OUT 00100000B
JMP NOUU
qqqq:    CMP SHOWSPEED,2
JNE wwww
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN two
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,00110000B
PINS_OUT 00110000B
JMP NOUU
wwww:    CMP SHOWSPEED,3
JNE eeee
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN three
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01000000B
PINS_OUT 01000000B
JMP NOUU
eeee:    CMP SHOWSPEED,4
JNE rrrr
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN four
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01010000B
PINS_OUT 01010000B
JMP NOUU
rrrr:    CMP SHOWSPEED,5
JNE tttt
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN five
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01100000B
PINS_OUT 01100000B
JMP NOUU
tttt:    CMP SHOWSPEED,6
JNE yyyy
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN six
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,01110000B
PINS_OUT 01110000B
JMP NOUU
yyyy:    CMP SHOWSPEED,7
JNE uuuu
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN seven
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,10000000B
PINS_OUT 10000000B
JMP NOUU
uuuu:    CMP SHOWSPEED,8
CURS_POSITION 15,11
SHOW_INSCREEN eight
CURS_POSITION 50,50
MOV CONSTANTBCD,10010000B
PINS_OUT 10010000B
NOUU:
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; Show me the step pleasee….

;Forward —
STF:    MOV COUNT,20
STEPSF:    CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 10100011B
CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 11110110B
CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 10101100B
CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 11111001B
DEC COUNT
CMP COUNT,0
JE F
LOOP STEPSF
F:    CURS_POSITION 12,18
SHOW_INSCREEN STOPPED
CURS_POSITION 14,15
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG_DELETE
CURS_POSITION 50,50
JMP CHECKPOINT
RET

;Backward —

STB:    MOV COUNT,20
STEPSB:    CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 10111001B
CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 11111100B
CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 10110110B
CALL DELAY
PINS_OUT 11110011B
DEC COUNT
CMP COUNT,0
JE B
LOOP STEPSB
B:    CURS_POSITION 12,18
SHOW_INSCREEN STOPPED
CURS_POSITION 14,15
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG_DELETE
CURS_POSITION 50,50
JMP CHECKPOINT
RET

;*********************************
; System little forward please

FORWARD:
MOV DIRECTION_SIDE,1
CURS_POSITION 14,15
SHOW_INSCREEN DIRECTION_FORWARD
CURS_POSITION 12,18
SHOW_INSCREEN STARTED
CURS_POSITION 50,50
CALL STF
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; System little backward please

BACKWARD:
MOV DIRECTION_SIDE,2
CURS_POSITION 14,15
SHOW_INSCREEN DIRECTION_BACKWARD
CURS_POSITION 12,18
SHOW_INSCREEN STARTED
CURS_POSITION 50,50
CALL STB
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; Test the 7 segment display

SEGMENTTEST:
PINS_OUT 10000000B
CURS_POSITION 16,25
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG11
CURS_POSITION 50,50
JMP CHECKPOINT

;*********************************
; Delay routines …. which u need it fot stepper motor steps

DELAY:    CMP SHOWSPEED,0
JNE aa
MOV CX,65535
JMP NO
aa:    CMP SHOWSPEED,1
JNE qq
MOV CX,53032
JMP NO
qq:    CMP SHOWSPEED,2
JNE ww
MOV CX,46403
JMP NO
ww:    CMP SHOWSPEED,3
JNE ee
MOV CX,39774
JMP NO
ee:    CMP SHOWSPEED,4
JNE rr
MOV CX,33145
JMP NO
rr:    CMP SHOWSPEED,5
JNE tt
MOV CX,26516
JMP NO
tt:    CMP SHOWSPEED,6
JNE yy
MOV CX,19887
JMP NO
yy:    CMP SHOWSPEED,7
JNE uu
MOV CX,13258
JMP NO
uu:    CMP SHOWSPEED,8
MOV CX,6629

NO:
CALL WAITF
RET

WAITF:    PUSH AX
WAITF1:
IN    AL,61H
AND    AL,10H
CMP    AL,AH
JE    WAITF1
MOV    AH,AL
LOOP    WAITF1
POP    AX
RET
SUB CX,CX
RET

;*********************************
; Print the good bye message

GOODBYE:
CLS_SCREEN
CURS_POSITION 15,25
SHOW_INSCREEN MSG9
CURS_POSITION 30,25
PINS_OUT 11110000B
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
END MAIN

Basically…
we’d like to have a clean and professional, bug-free code.
Most people have different coding styles. And most think that
“the other style” is ugly. We don’t want to force you changing
your style. Here is how we do it and like it:

o) We use capital letters for constants. e.g. define(‘CONSTANT’, 1).
We also use the capital form of TRUE, FALSE and NULL.
This is true for PHP, note that javascript needs lowercase.

o) If a function is described to return bool, expect to get a real bool
(TRUE/FALSE) and not an int (0/1). So please code your functions and
methods that way.

o) Don’t trust the return values from php methods. If they are stated
to return bool, they often return an int (0/1). So don’t directly
return that from your functions, convert to (bool) if necessary.

o) Never ever use echo, print and die and the like inside your methods.
Use return.

o) this applies also for white spaces. if you start your file with anything
(an empty line) before the   considered as output. This makes header() calls impossible (cookie,
session). The same applies for white spaces after the ?> tag. take care!
Even a newline is too much. This is a typical php newbie mistake.

o) Everything should be as os independant as possible. Including windows.

o) Make your code work with PHP version 4.3.0+ and 5.0.5+.
Don’t support php3.

o) Make the php exam. Repeat it from time to time.

http://www.blueshoes.org/en/developer/syntax_exam/

o) Code object oriented. (PHP4)

o) Avoid setting vars in the global scope. If you need one, prefix it.
Example: $GLOBALS['_Bs_MyClass_MyVar'] = ‘foo’;

o) Avoid using things from global scope inside methods. Instead ‘include’
them in the constructor.

o) Prefix classes with Bs_. This is a poor man’s namespace.

o) Name your files like the classes: a class named ‘Bs_Something’ will
have the file name ‘Bs_Something.class.php’.

o) One class per file.

o) References:
Don’t return temporaries by reference.
function &foo() {
return new StdClass(); //this is wrong
return $ret = new StdClass(); //this is wrong too

//this is wrong too. (it works at least in php 4.4.1,
//but who knows, it’s inconsistent, so please don’t use it.)
return $ret =& new StdClass();

$ret =& new StdClass(); return $ret; //this is right
return FALSE; //this is wrong
return $ret = FALSE; //this is wrong
$ret = FALSE; return $ret; //this is right
$classOne =& new StdClass();
$classTwo =& new StdClass();
return (true) ? $classOne : $classTwo; //this is wrong
}
$object =& foo();

Don’t pass temporaries by reference:
function foo(&$param) {}
foo(TRUE); //this is wrong
$param = TRUE; foo($param); //this is wrong

//this is wrong. (it works, but who knows, it’s inconsistent,
//so please don’t use it.)
foo(new StdClass);

$param =& new StdClass(); foo($param); //this is right

Also take care when encapsulating functions:
function foo() { return new StdClass(); }
function bar(&$param) {}
bar(foo()); //this is wrong
$object = foo(); bar($object); //this is right

When you create a new instance of a class, *always* do it by reference:
$object =& new SomeClass();
^—->this one
This is *important*, *important*, *important*!!. Trust me. if you don’t,
you will after having strange bugs in your code and not finding them
for hours.
Also read http://www.zend.com/manual/language.oop.newref.php please.

o) Please use the same coding style as it is already used, if you can.
I know that changing your coding style is not easy if you’re used to
something.

old: – a tab is 2 spaces
new: – a tab is a tab, we set it to the width of 2, but feel free to
configure your editor to show it as 3, 4, 8, whatever.

- A function is written like:
function something(param, param) {
//some code
}

- An if statement is written like:
if ($this == $that) {
} elseif ($this > $that) {
} else {
}

- Use spaces to separate:
$x .= $y . ‘hello’; instead of $x.=$y.’hello’;
exceptions are (for readability):
- $array = array(‘key’=>’value’, ‘key2′=>’value2′);
- for ($i=1; $i<=10; $i++) {
- function myFunction($a=’default’, $b=’foobar’) {

o) Naming conventions:

- PHP itself is *very* inconsistent about the naming:
isset() but is_string() => underscore or not,
strtolower but bin2hex => to or 2,
create_function but str_shuffle => verb object, object verb,
strpos(haystack, needle) but in_array(needle, haystack) => order of param
so let’s do it better.

- Use studly caps (first letter of each word capitalized (but not the
first one), otherwise lower case, no underscores) for vars, functions
(methods), lists, anything that needs a unique name.
class names go like ‘Bs_SomeClass’.
vars/functions/objects/db-names are started lowercase, class
names/db-table names are started uppercase:
$someVarName instead of $some_var_name
someFunctionName() instead of some_function_name()
SomeObject instead of some_object
this especially also applies for short forms:
$someDbTable instead of $someDBTable
$someHtmlString instead of $someHTMLString

It is easier to read, and you can be sure how it was written. We think
it’s better from experience. (An exception is the table field name/term
ID because of a naming convention.)

Often it is hard to decide if a word is made up of multiple words.

These words are considered being one word, not two, and thus have
no capital:
- username (not userName)
- password (not passWord)
- blueshoes (not blueShoes)

These words are considered being two words and thus have a capital:
- fileName (not filename)
- passPhraze (not passphraze)
- dateTime (not datetime)

A few other writings:
- email (not eMail or so, because someEmail will work while
someeMail or someEmail or someEMail would break the rules.)

Please avoid something like ‘$conn1′ (‘$conn2′, ‘$conn3′ …) because
you cannot see if it was $conn1 or $connl. See what i mean? (one or
a small L, depending on the font)

- Don’t use the fancy way pdf2html. It’s kinda breaking the studly
caps rule. it would be pdf2Html and then it’s not that readable
anymore because both ’2′ and ‘H’ are “upper case”. So always use
pdfToHtml.

- Use verb object, not object verb. So makeObject(), not objectMake().

- If in doubt, use java syntax/style.

o) Learn the difference between == and === and != and !==. Read the manual
and check http://www.blueshoes.org/en/developer/php_cheat_sheet/

o) Passing by reference: Our code needs to be compatible with PHP 4 and 5.
PHP5 passes all objects by reference while PHP4 passes them by copy.
To make both versions behave the same way, do the following:
To pass by reference (99% of all cases):
function foo(&$theObject, $theInteger) {
…
}
foo($someObject, 5);
To pass by value (1% of all cases):
function foo($theObject, $theInteger) {
…
}
$copyOfObject = bs_clone($someObject);
foo($copyOfObject, 5);

o) Private vars and methods start with an underscore.
_foo is a private var, foo is a public var, _foo() is a private method
and foo() a public one.

o) In your classes, define all your public and private class vars using
var $something; or var $_something;
even if you don’t set a default value. It will help maintaining the code.

o) Document while you code. Please document (phpdoc, like javadoc) your
functions, classes, methods, even class vars. I know that coders are
always in a hurry. But it will save a lot of time in the end!

It looks like this:
/**
* What the function does in one line.
* Here goes some more detailed description on 0-n lines, if needed.
* @access [public|static|pseudostatic]
* @param [string|int|double|bool|array|object|mixed] $paramName desc
* @return datatype description
* @throws [bs_exception|bool FALSE|NULL...]
* @see someFunction(), var someVar
* @todo description
* @since bs4.1, php4.3 (comma separated list)
* @status stable|experimental (if not set then considered stable)
* @pattern singleton|factory|mvc|observer|facade|…
*/
function something() {
}

For variables the @var keyword is used instead of @param:
/**
* Some internally used var.
* @access private
* @var bool $someStatus
* @see setSomeStatus()
*/
var $_someStatus = FALSE;

The description may include HTML, but please avoid it on the first line.

#@pattern singleton means that the constructor returns a reference
#to an already existing instance, if there is one.

o) Write ecg classes for your code. They will serve other coders
as examples and make the code more safe. Especially when it is
installed on other os’es, when new php/apache/mysql/… versions come
out etc. See naming for a definition of ecg.
The classes are in subfolders named ‘ecg’, for an example have a look
at core/util/ecg/Bs_String_PhpUnit.class.php

o) Don’t eat junk food and never drink Red Bull at night. Pizza is ok.

o) Don’t use underscores _ in databases (table names, field names).
They are reserved for relations (foreign key by naming convention).
Don’t use the numbers 2, 3 and 4 inside of db table names. They are
reserved for the same reason.

o) Associative arrays are called ‘hash’, zero-based arrays are called
‘vector’. Please use these terms. Undefined arrays are called ‘array’.

o) Use the term ‘function’ for ‘structured’ procedural code. Use the term
‘method’ for functions inside classes. Don’t use the terms ‘procedures’,
‘subs’, ‘routines’ etc.
sam: “methods are verbs, classes are substantives.”

o) When you return inside a switch or something, write the break too.
example:
switch ($x) {
case ‘hello’:
return TRUE;
break;
}
This way it will be harder for someone to ‘implement’ bugs into your code.

o) Avoid buggy code. For example if you’re not 100% sure that a var is
an array, do is_array(), sizeOf($array) and such.

o) To be PHP4 compatible instead of using try-catch use the do-while(FALSE)
try-catch code, something like:
do { // try block
$isOk = someFunction();
if (!$isOk) break;
$isOk = otherFunction();
if (!$isOk) break;
//…
$isOk = TRUE; //everything worked
} while (FALSE);
if ($isOk) echo ‘yeah’;

o) Form your var declaration blocks etc in a nice way: (note the extra
spaces)
$a = ‘hello’;
$bbbb = ‘world’;
$cccccccc = ‘foobar’;

o) Mostly use foreach instead of while-list to loop arrays. See sam’s
php-bench: http://www.blueshoes.org/en/developer/php_bench/

Note: there are also, and i like them (andrej)
while (list($k,) = each($a)) {
while (list(,$v) = each($a)) {

o) Magic_quotes_gpc was a good idea to prevent sql injection.
Unfortunately this feature can be turned on or off, was on in
previous PHP releases and is turned off by default now. This makes
the situation for libraries and released software a lot harder
which has to work with different configurations.
Check your php.ini, look for “magic_quotes_gpc”. It
should be set to Off, not On. (magic_quotes_gpc = Off)
BlueShoes fixes this by checking magic_quotes_gpc, and if it is on,
it goes and undo’es the changes in _REQUEST, _GET, _POST and _COOKIE
see bs_undoMagicQuotes().
Note that there is other software around that does the opposite.

o) Make sure your code runs error free even if warnings and notices are
enabled.

o) Use the new superglobals (_GET, _POST etc), make sure your code works
if register_globals turned off. And we highly recommend to set
register_globals to off.

o) JavaScript classes are named like in php, for example
“Bs_FormFieldSelect.class.js”. If it’s a lib then it goes like
Bs_FormFieldSelect.lib.js. A lib is simply a collection of functions
for a special task, so not oo-code.

o) If you change something in code someone else maintains (and/or you’re
not in the @author of the class or the function) then add your comments
along with the date and your name, example:
someCode(); //i did this because of that. 2002/10/16 –yourname

o) Don’t add email addresses in plain text. Even the phpdoc comments in
the code get indexed, and thus could be spidered by email crawlers.
Please use “” which makes it a bit harder to parse.

o) Naming (Glossary)

ecg ElectroCardioGram
In the code base you’ll find many subdirectories with that
name. There are php code files that test our code. we
thought calling them just ‘test’ would not give them the
honor they deserve, and prolly someone would just delete
them. The ecg tests show a sysadmin very fast what’s not
working (anymore) on his system, for example after the
installation or after a php upgrade or whatever.

whtml wysiwyg html. It’s a mime type in blueshoes. It means that
the block [part] may be edited using wysiwyg. So it’s not
xml compliant. A synonym would be “crappy html”.

URL: (see Bs_Url.class.php and its methods)
scheme://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment
example: url https://bill:gates@order.blue-shoes.com:81/forms/
form.php?lang=fr&sid=456456#address
scheme = https
host = order.blue-shoes.com
port = 81
user = bill
pass = gates
path = /forms/form.php
query = lang=fr&sid=456456
fragment = address
domain = blue-shoes.com
directory = /forms/
file = form.php

xpv stands for xPointer vector. Match always returns an array, so xp
is always an array, maybe an empty one.

UID Unified ID.

Lecture 1

1. Microcomputers and Microprocessors
2. Evolution of Intel 80×86 Family Microprocessors
3. Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems

Lecture 2

1. Brief History of 80×86 Family of Microprocessors
2. Pipelining and Registers
3. Introduction to Assembly Programming

Lecture 3

1. Introduction to Assembly Programming (cont. from Lecture 2)
2. Introduction to Program Segments

Lecture 4

1. Memory Map of the IBM PC
2. Pushing and Popping Operations (Stack)
3. Flag Registers and bit fields

Lecture 5

1. Flag Registers and bit fields
2. 80×86 addressing modes.

Lecture 6

1. Directives and sample programs
2. Assemble, link and run a program

Lecture 7

1. Control transfer instructions
2. CALL statement
3. Subroutines
4. Data Types and Data Definition

Lecture 8

1. Arithmetic and Logic Instructions and Programs
2. Unsigned Addition and Subtraction

Lecture 9

1. Unsigned Subtraction
2. Unsigned Multiplication and Division
3. Arithmetic and Logic Instructions and Programs

Lecture 10

1. Arithmetic and Logic Instructions and Programs
2. COMPARE of unsigned numbers

Lecture 11

1. BCD Addition and correction
2. ASCII addition and subtraction
3. Rotate Instructions

Lecture 12

1. BIOS and DOS programming in Assembly
2. BIOS INT 10H
3. DOS INT 21H

Lecture 13

1. Signed Numbers and Signed Number Operations

Lecture 14

1. Signed Numbers and Signed Number Operations
2. String Operations

Lecture 15

1. Basic Computer Architecture

Lecture 16

1. Input/Output (I/O) and Device Interfacing

Lecture 17

1. I/O Programming in Assembly Language

Lecture 18

1. Interfacing the Parallel Port
2. Standard Parallel Port (SPP)
3. Port addresses
4. Software registers and programming
5. Bi-directional ports
6. Using parallel port’s IRQ
7. Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP)
8. Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)

Lecture 19

1. Interfacing the Serial Port
2. Basics of Serial Communication
3. Asynchronous Data Communication and Data Framing
4. RS232 and other Serial I/O Standards

Lecture 20

1. Interfacing the Serial Port
2. Serial Port registers
3. Transmitting Serial Data
4. Receiving Serial Data

Shortly, it is a 3D world inside your pc. This is really nice and interesting tool for your boring pc. Just imagine.. you can fly between your files.. your documents.. even your pictures..

This project came to me with really nice ideas. I am glad to talk about TDFSB because it has been coded 6 years ago. A developer [Leander Seige - i hope this is true] coded this tools with simple code in first time. But now just take a look at it. He and some other developers are came with new ideas.

I have run this tool with my system which is Ubuntu Hardy 8.04 and of course to run TDFSB nicely, you gonna need a hardware accelerated 3d graphic card. While walking arround your documents you can also listen mp3s or you can watch some of your video files.

As i mentioned in the beginning part of my post  this tools gave me a couple of nice ideas. Since companies are producing more efficient graphic cards and CPU’s .. i am just asking that why there is no 3D browser for real..

Of course TDFSB comes with some bad sides such as;

1. Not very practical
2. Bad graphics
3. Few video file type support
4. Big work load on CPU
5. Over 1000 files, really long warping time
6. Bad accesibility
7. some more…..

There are many good sides as well.

How to install

It is really simple.

sudo apt-get install tdfsb

Just run this command on terminal.

There you go…

Now you are able to run this tool by using the termianal. Type tdfsb in terminal and enjoy..

Here is a print out of the default keyboard settings.
You may change these by editing ~/.tdfsb

=======================================

Esc           quit                  F1/F2    speed +/-
Mouse move    look          F3/F4      rot +/-
UP         forward               F5/F6  ball detail
DOWN      backward          HOME     start pos
L/R     step aside             LMB  select object
END    ground zero          +RMB|CTRL appr.obj
F7/F8  max fps  +/-          +ENTER ply mpg/mp3
“t”      filenames               “g”   ground cross
“c”      crosshair                 “d”        display
“.”      dot files                    “p”      print FPS
“r” rel./get mouse              “f”     fullscreen
“l”     reload dir                  “b”   image bricks
“u”           cd..                   “a”      alphasort
“m”        shading               ” “         flying
“h”      show help               “i”  print GL info
“0″      jump home            “o”    classic nav
“s”    save config               “#”   fps throttle

“1|3|q|e”            Up|Down|Left|Right
“2|w”                  Forward|Backward
PgUp/Down or MMB+Mouse move up/downward
=======================================

it is possible to execute a custom command from within tdfsb. configure
your command in the config file! the command can be called by pressing
the tabulator key. put a “%s” in the command line, this will be replaced
by the current directory or selected file.
for instance if you set the command to
xmms “%s” &
and press tab from a directory, xmms will be started with the directory
given as argument.
if you select an audio file and press the tab key xmms will play the file.
the default command is
cd “%s”; xterm&
it will open a xterm in the current directory.
this command is always present by pressing shift+tab!
so you have two commands:
- one by configuring your custom command for the tab key
- one by pressing shift+tab, it will execute the built in xterm call
but dont forget the quotation marks!
you are free to not add “%s” to your custom command if you just
want to launch any program. but if you do so, you can customize
tdfsb for your needs, choose a certain kind of files and than launch
emacs for editing text files, mplayer for playing avis or whatever…

Have Fun…

Project Web Site

İlk önce şunu söylemek yerinde olur diye düşünüyorum. Burada anlatacağım kurulum aşamaları vs. home user diye tabir ettiğimiz kullanıcılar tarafından karışık olarak görülebilir. Lütfen şu anda ne ile uğraştığınızı bilmiyorsanız, ve buna rağmen Compiz kurulumunu yapmak istiyorsanız bu işlemleri uygulamanızı tavsiye etmeyiniz.

Bu işlemleri uygulamanız için şunlara sahip olduğunuzu varsayıyorum;

• Yeni kurulmuş bir Gusty
• Halen sisteminize Gusty kurulumu ile gelen default compiz paketlerinin çalışıyor şekilde olması (0.6.*)
• Ve kurulum sırasında root yetkisinde değil kullanıcı seviyesinde olduğunuz

Not: Compiz-Fusion kurulumuna başlamadan önce sisteminizde ki ekran kartlarının bu listedekilerden biri olmasına ve sisteminizde çalışıyor halde olmasına dikkat edin!

Kurulumunu yapacağımız eklentiler : 3D Windows, Atlantis2, Snow, Stars, Atlantis, Screensaver, Anaglyph, Wallpaper, Tile, Freewins, Fireflies, Photowheel ve Snowglobe. Bunlara ek olarakta Mouse position polling, Magnifier ve Show mouse eklentilerinin kurulumunuda bulabileceksiniz.

Compiz Eklenti Bağımlılıklarının Kurulumu

Öncelikle aşağıdaki komutu konsol(terminal) e yazarak gerekli bağımlılıkları sistemimize kurmalıyız. Çünkü compiz eklentilerini derlerken ve yüklerken bunlara ihtiyacımız olucak.

sudo apt-get install compiz-bcop compiz-dev build-essential libxcomposite-dev libpng12-dev libsm-dev libxrandr-dev libxdamage-dev libxinerama-dev libstartup-notification0-dev libgconf2-dev librsvg2-dev libdbus-1-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev libgnome-desktop-dev x11proto-scrnsaver-dev libxss-dev libxslt1-dev libtool

Eklentilerin İndirilmesi

Şimdi /home/samet/  altında compiz eklentilerini açacağımız bir klasör oluşturuyoruz.

mkdir -p ~/compiz/

Sıradaki işlemimiz ise eklentileri bilgisayarımıza indirmek.Aşağıdaki kod dizisini terminal’ e tamamen

yapıştırabilirsiniz. Terminal satır satır okuyarak indirme işlemini tamamlayacaktır veya satır satır sizde terminale girebilirsiniz. Not: burada ‘wget’ komutu ile başlayan 13 satır vardır.

wget -O /tmp/3d.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/3d.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/atlantis2.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/atlantis2.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/snow.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/snow.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/stars.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/starz.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/atlantis.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/atlantis.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/screensaver.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/screensaver.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/anaglyph.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/anaglyphz.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/wallpaper.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/wallpaper.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/tile.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/tile.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/freewins.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/freewinz.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/fireflies.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/firefliez.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/photowheel-0.6.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/photowheel-0.6.tar.gz’
wget -O /tmp/snowglobe.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/snowglobe.tar.gz’

İndirilen eklentileri Tar’ dan çıkaralması

Burada 3d eklentisi için yapılması gerekenleri anlatıcam. Tabiki bu işlemi diğer eklentiler içinde tek tek uygulamanız gerekiyor. Kullanacağımız ~/compiz/ yolu aslında /home/samet/compiz/ dizini ile eşdeğerdir.

tar -xf ‘/tmp/3d.tar.gz‘ -C ~/compiz/

Girmiş olduğumuz bu komut indirmiş olduğumuz 3d.tar.gz eklentisini şu anda bulunduğu dizin olan /tmp/3d.tar.gz den alıp sıkıştırılmış halden çıkararak ~/compiz/3d/ dizininin içerisine kopyalıyor. Bu aşamadan sonra ise yapacağımız şey ~/compiz/3d/ dizinindeki koynak kodları derlemek ve yüklemek olacaktır.

Derleme işlemine geçebilmek için ilk önce o dizine gidelim

cd ~/compiz/3d/

daha sonra ise;

make && make install

kodlarını kullanarak derleme ve yükleme işlemlerini tamamlayalım. Bu işlemle birlikte 3d eklentisinin kurulumunu tamamlamış oluyoruz. Bu işlemden sonra tek yapmamız gereken ise tabiki isteğiniz dahilindeki eklentileride bu şekilde kurulum yapmak ve tüm işlemleri bitirdiğinizde Ekran kartı özelliklerinin yeniden başlamasını sağlamanızdır. Bunun için ise Ctrl+Alt+Backspace tuş kombinasyonunu kullanabilirsiniz.

Tabiki kurulum yaptığınız eklentileri Compiz Yönetim panelinden açmayıda unutmayın

peki şimdi kurulum yaptık peki bu eklentiyi kaldırmak istiyorsak;

gerekli eklenti dizinini bulduktan sonra (mesela : cd ~/compiz/3d/ )

make uninstall

komutunu uygulamak olacaktır.

Daha fazla eklenti için

Burada şunu bilmemiz gerekiyor, yükleyeceğimiz eklentilerden Show mouse ve Magnifier eklentisinin bağımlılığı olan Mouse position polling ‘ in önceden yüklü olması gerekiyor. Bunu da zaten ilk kısımda anlattığım şekilde kurabilirsiniz.

Bunun için;

mkdir -p ~/compiz/
wget -O /tmp/k4plugins.tar.gz ‘http://oreaus.googlepages.com/k4plugins.tar.gz’
tar -xf ‘/tmp/k4plugins.tar.gz’ -C ~/compiz/
cd ~/compiz/k4plugins/mousepoll/
make && BUILD_GLOBAL=true sudo make install
cd ~/compiz/k4plugins/mag/
make && sudo make install
cd ~/compiz/k4plugins/showmouse
make && make install

komutlarının sırasıyla uygulanması gerekiyor.

Bu işlemden sonra bağımlılıklarından bahsettiğim eklentilerin aktif olabilmesi için öncelikle Mouse position polling ekletisinin CompizConfig Settings Manager (ccsm) kullanılarak aktif hale getirilmesi gerekiyor.

Eğer bunlara yabancı olduğunuz halde bu aşamaya kadar başarı ile gelmişseniz fakat CCSM haakında bir bilgiye sahip değilseniz bunun için

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

komutunu yine terminalde çalıştırarak bu paketi sisteminize kurmanız gerekmektedir. Daha sonra bu pakete System/Preferences/Advandec Desktop Effect Settings den ulaşabilirsiniz.

Tüm bu eklentileri doğru bir şekilde çalıştırabilmek istiyorsanız yukarıda anlattığım tüm işlemlerin Sorunsuz! bir şekilde yapılması gerekmektedir.

Kolay Gelsin.

İyi eğlenceler

Hello People,

Do you know about PARDUS? .. Yes in this post i am going to mention to you about PARDUS project. I assume that you know some about linux operating system. Unfortunately im not going to tell you about the history of linux.

But first of all i want you to know the basics before i start. Common known distros of linux are Fedora, Slackware, Ubuntu[i was using this], CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, Knoppix, Linspire, openSUSE, PCLinuxOS etc. As you see we got many of them. I see you got a question. -> “Woow This is too much.. ” You are definitely right it is too much and it is not the other side of it. But you should know that each disribution has it’s own properties. For example ubuntu is which i used to use is more efficient for generaly users not for specially multimedia users. CentOS is good for CPanel uses. My Point is If you are running on Linux you can choose the best one for you. This not possible on Windows side. I am not here to tell you “Windows is BAD!!” .. Of Course it is doing someting.. : ) without blue screens .. : )

Let’s turn on the main topic.. PARDUS Project. TÜBİTAK UEKAE is developing this disrubution. Of course is it linux based operating system. I can say this is another oppourtunity for home users. First of all this is the first official operating system of TURKEY. Second distro of PARDUS has came in the last quarter of 2006. First edition was PARDUS 1.0 and it took a year to announce about Second edition. PARDUS is really special OS System for me big reason is this PARDUS is for a user who wants to run all the multimedia applications with no problems. It comes with codecs and such on it.

I have installed my PARDUS distro about a year ago and using it since this time. I’ve read many article about PARDUS Here is a link you can find more about it.

Language Support!

Yes this is an official turkish operating system and also it has language support of course. There are some web sites for PARDUS project that you can find some more information on your own language. There is an official English Website . And people created unofficial Italian Website and Holland Website . Nowadays people are talking about PARDUS all around the world this is good news and there is a webpage in the DistroWatch.com about PARDUS.

I Say..?

I say the PARDUS distro has user friendly interface, good graphics..Satisfied!.. During the installation it is very easy. You can find PARDUS as CD/DVD. Here is link and you can download PARDUS distro.

Some More Information:

• http://pardus.org.tr/eng/index.html
• http://www.pardus-wiki.org/
• http://pardus.org.tr/eng/documents/index.html

Note: The new version is coming up soon-> PARDUS 2008
Samet Kilictas

alacarte

yazıyoruz. Ben şu hata ile karşılaştım.

cin@ottoman:~$ alacarte
/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/apt/progress.py: inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “/usr/bin/alacarte”, line 36, in
main()
File “/usr/bin/alacarte”, line 32, in main
app = MainWindow(datadir, version, sys.argv)
File “/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Alacarte/MainWindow.py”, line 49, in __init__
self.editor = MenuEditor()
File “/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Alacarte/MenuEditor.py”, line 36, in __init__
self.__loadMenus()
File “/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Alacarte/MenuEditor.py”, line 46, in __loadMenus
self.applications.dom = xml.dom.minidom.parse(self.applications.path)
File “/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/_xmlplus/dom/minidom.py”, line 1915, in parse
return expatbuilder.parse(file)
File “/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/_xmlplus/dom/expatbuilder.py”, line 926, in parse
result = builder.parseFile(fp)
File “/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/_xmlplus/dom/expatbuilder.py”, line 211, in parseFile
parser.Parse(“”, True)
xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError: no element found: line 1, column 0

Bu hata menu editorun applications.menu dosyasını tekrar yazmaya çalışmasıyla ortaya çıkıyor. Bu aşamada places ve system menuleri normal çalışıyor fakat sorun applications menusunde ve menu editorun kendisinde ortaya çıkıyor.

Hatayı Gidermek için bu fazlalık dosyayı siliyoruz..

cin@ottoman:~$ rm -f ~/.config/menus/applications.menu

artık herşeyin eski halina dönmüş olması lazım bu kod ile belitrilen dizin altında oluşturulan applications.menu dosyasını siliyoruz.

Kolay Gelsin (:

$sudo apt-get install mencoder

komutunu terminale yazıp işlemi tamamlıyoruz. Bu arada şunu hatırlatayım mencoder uygulaması terminalden kullanılır. Bir GUI ye sahip değil.

Şimdi kısaca mencoder in nasıl kullanıldığından basedicem.

MPEG formatı için;

mencoder input.avi -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video \ -oac copy other_options -o output.mpg

Kod dizisi işimizi görecektir. Burada yapılan işlem varsayılan olarak kabul edilen MPEG-1 formatı yapılır.

mencoder input.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell \ -vf scale=640:480 -o output.avi

yukarıdaki kod dizisi ilede elimizdeki video dosyasını yeniden boyutlandırma şansı elde ediyoruz. AVI ye çeviri yapmak için ise

~/Desktop$ mencoder -ovc lavc -oac pcm -o output.avi /home/samet/Desktop/IMGP0262.MOV

şekilnde bir kullanım yapabiliriz. Mencoder ile ilgili daha fazla bilgiyi buradan alabilirsiziniz.

Geniş Bilgi İçin

Kolay Gelsin…

Bazen bazı işlemler -yada programlar diyelim daha anlaşılır olsun- o kadar canımızı sıkarki artık kapan yedin ömrümü şeklinde cümleleri kurmamıza neden bile olur İstemediğiniz bir uygulamayı başlatmış olabilirsiniz veya siz uygulmayı kapattınız ama hala çalıştığını görüp sistem kaynaklarını halen tükettiğini biliyorsunuz. Şimdi bu istemediğimiz uygulamaları nasıl kill komutu ile sonlandırabiliriz birkaç işlemde onu anlatıcam.

1- Öncelikle hedefi belirlemek açısından hedefi bulmalıyız. Process ID (İşlem Numarası) -> PID olarak bilinen numarayı bulup buna göre uygulamayı sonlandırabiliriz. “ps -fu [kullanıcı adı]” komutuyla o an sistemde bize ait çalışan uygulamaları görebilriz ve tabiki buna baglı olarak PID numarasınıda almamız gerekiyor. Aradığımız PID numarası çıkan listenin 2inci sütununda yer alıyor. Şimdi dikkatlice uygulamamın PID numarasını not edeceğiz ancak sistemde login olmuş birçok kullanıcı varsa “pts” sütununada bakamız gerekiyor. Burada PID i alırken dikkatli olun yoksa çalıştıgınız önemli bir uygulamayı da kapatıyor olabilisiniz.

2- PID numarasınız bildiğimiz sürece artık uyugulamamızın canına okuyabiliriz. En basit kullanım şekli söyledir;

kill PID

Şunuda söylemek lazım kill sinyalinin birçok şekli var mesela bazı kill sinyallerini uygulama engelleyebilir. Yani uygulama kendini kapatmamak için zorlayabilir. Sinyaller hakkında geniş bilgiyi

man -s 5 signal

komutu ile alabilirsiniz. Benim söyleyebileceğim kullanışlı olan iki yol var. Mesela kapatmak istediğiniz uygulamada daha önceden değişiklikler yaptınız ve uygulamamının kendini kapatmadan önce değişiklikleri kaydetmesini istiyorsunuz bunun için “kill -HUP PID (veya kill -1 PID)” şeklinde kullanabilirsiniz. Bu -hangup- sinyali denilen sinyali yollar. Uygulamayı sonlandırmadan önce ona biraz zaman tanıyorda diyebiliriz.

Diğer bir kullanışlı kullanım şekli ise “kill -9 PID (veya kill -KILL PID)” şeklindedir. Bu komut ise artık uygulamayı -ne durumda oldugunu önemsemeksizin- sonlandırır diyebiliriz.

Mesela önce PID i aldınız daha sonrada “kill -1 ***” şeklinde kullandınız ve halen uygulama aktif görünüyor bu noktada “kill -9 ***” kullanımını ikinci seçenek olarak sunabiliriz. Komutu uyguladıktan sonra “ps -fu [kullanıcı adı]” ile gerçekten sonlandırıldığını kontrol etmekte fayda var.

Son olarak bazı uygulamalar “sonlandırılamaz” şeklinde karşımıza çıkabilir bunlar genelde sistem tarafından kullanılan uygulamalardır ve bişeyler için bekliyorlardır. Kendileri sonlanır büyük ihtimal.

Teşekkürler.